Student upheavals and clashes escalated in the same period. With respect to academic freedom, there was nothing new in Law 1750, and the article pertaining to HEC’s formation was annulled by the Constitutional Court (Doğramacı, 2007). As a consequence, from the perspective of academic freedom, the years between 1960 and 1973 became a period of faculty members’ dismissals on illegitimate grounds, student upheavals, a marked absence of legal coordination between universities and governments, and at the same time the con- stitutional guarantee of universities’ adminis- trative autonomy.