Jan 22, 2006 16:49
18 yrs ago
43 viewers *
English term
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Native in: Chinese 
Works in: English to Chinese, Chinese to English, German to Chinese, and 3 more.
by design or by consequence
English
Social Sciences
Law: Contract(s)
Much of the legislation is directed at expanding the resources available to law enforcement officials to investigate and prevent terrorism and has no direct effect on institutions of higher education. Other parts, however, create new obligations that, either by design or by consequence£¿, universities must meet.
Responses
Responses
+6
6 mins
Kim Metzger
Mexico
Mexico
Native in English
&
English
Specializes in field
Mexico
Committed to Quality and Service
Native in: English (Variant: US) 
Works in: German to English
Related KudoZ points
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72
Selected
intended or a result
The universities must meet new obligations - either because this was the intention or simply a result of the parts of the legislation. By design means specifically intended to achieve a purpose. By consequence means there was no specific intention for the legislation to create obligations but it happened as the indirect result.
4 KudoZ points awarded for this answer.
Comment: "Thank you all for kind help!"
+4
3 mins
on purpose or simply an end result of
some things happen on purpose (designed that way) and some things happen by accident/not necessarily intended
Peer comment(s):
| agree |
Enza Longo
: well put, Rita!
4 hrs
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you are kind, Enza :-)
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| agree |
Seema Ugrankar
7 hrs
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thanks, ugrankar :-)
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| agree |
flipendo
12 hrs
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| agree |
conejo
1 day 1 hr
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+1
28 mins
expressly required by the legislation or as an indirect result of the legislation
Adapt the wording to your translation.
28 mins
by planning or luck
design - plan or sketch that shows how the thing on the plan will look, if someone makes it.
Consequence - the result or effect of doing something.
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Note added at 43 mins (2006-01-22 17:32:26 GMT)
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In this particular instance I think that consequence means bad luck as a result of not doing something.
Something that the Law says they must do.
Either the educators obey the legislation (new laws) or they will get into trouble.
Consequence - the result or effect of doing something.
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Note added at 43 mins (2006-01-22 17:32:26 GMT)
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In this particular instance I think that consequence means bad luck as a result of not doing something.
Something that the Law says they must do.
Either the educators obey the legislation (new laws) or they will get into trouble.
1 hr
comment
All the suggested answers assume the phrase refers to the obligations (as having arisen 'by design or by consequence'). However, according to the strict grammatical logic of the text it refers to the universities and means they have to meet the obligations either by measures or actions specifically taken to meet those obligations or by means of measures or actions that are not specificically taken or intended to meet those obligations, but which have the end effect of meeting the obligations.
As the text comes from Harvard University, it's presumably possible that the text was intentionally worded to to convey the latter meaning.
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Note added at 1 hr (2006-01-22 18:01:09 GMT)
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Hmmm, on second thought I'm not certain it refers to the universities. IMO the wording is ambiguous and could be interpreted either way.
As the text comes from Harvard University, it's presumably possible that the text was intentionally worded to to convey the latter meaning.
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Note added at 1 hr (2006-01-22 18:01:09 GMT)
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Hmmm, on second thought I'm not certain it refers to the universities. IMO the wording is ambiguous and could be interpreted either way.
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