sujet d'imputation
English translation: subject of imputation
| 20:36 Jan 9, 2023 |
| French to English translations [PRO] Social Sciences - Social Science, Sociology, Ethics, etc. / human trafficking; gender | |||||||
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|  Selected response from: Bourth France Local time: 15:20 | ||||||
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| Discussion entries: 1 | |
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Answers
1 hr confidence: 
vessel/blank slate Explanation: You've already come up with 'vessel', which is a perfectly good translation, and I think 'blank slate' is another possibility. The idea is a screen onto which people can impute or project their own prejudices. -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 1 hr (2023-01-09 22:07:31 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- You've also said "surface", which is fine too. -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 1 hr (2023-01-09 22:17:24 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- You've left out "même" in the first line, which I think is important. |
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11 hrs confidence:
source of blame/worthiness Explanation: In the context, the 'subject of attributability' term seems to be euphemistic for the victim as a bouc-émissaire scapegoat on to which the criminal charges are projected. One thing is for sure. It's nowt to do with taxability (wait for that questionable answer), more with criminal 'chargeability'. Thanks otherwise for the FRE/ENG 'master' class. Example sentence(s):
Reference: http://www.linguee.fr/anglais-francais/traduction/impute+bla... |
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11 hrs confidence:
an ideal projection OR ideal "fall guy" Explanation: It's my opinion you should try and keep in the target language the contradiction in referring to the victim by means of a term that typically refers to perpetrator of crimes ("sujet d'imputation" see all the references by googling it). What the author presumably means here is that despite being at the receiving end of the crime, in the public eye the victim is sort of (hence the quotation marks , guillemets) transformed into a culprit of some other fantasized and projected faults and condemnable behaviors. My proposals are linguistically different but an attempt at this. See if you find better. Ideal here is meant to have the double meaning of "idealized, imagined" and "best fitting the role". Keep the quotes on fall guy as the usage is obviously inverted (the victim is accused of something) |
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13 hrs confidence:
(an epitome of) the projected image Explanation: Rather than the subject, to me the victim is an 'object', the 'canvas' on which others project their image of her |
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2 hrs confidence: peer agreement (net): +2
peer agreement (net): +2subject of imputation Explanation: If you look for the term, you'll find it comes up a lot in connection with philosopher Paul Ricoeur. 'Imputation' is also a term in theology, notably Protestant theology. Ricoeur was Protestant, from a devout Hugenot family, and taught at the Paris Faculty of Protestant Theology for 10 years. The Protestant doctrine of impution, in a nutshell: "The chief presupposition is that all humanity is condemned in Adam. Everyone is born into a radically sinful race. We are all fallen. ADAM´S SIN WAS IMPUTED TO US even before we were born. As well as the sin we inherit upon being conceived we also commit endless transgressions throughout the course of our lives." However, "In Protestant language there was a DOUBLE IMPUTATION at work. On the one hand the SINS OF MANY WERE IMPUTED UNTO JESUS CHRIST. They were reckoned to be His. Our sin and transgressions were put into Christ’s account." It seems to me that this idea of transferral is exactly what is meant in your text, i.e. that people transfer or project their ideas onto the (silent) victim (so as to speak for him/her). Note that it is in quote marks, suggesting that the author knows the term will not be familiar to everyone. So why not do precisely the same thing in English? In the text below, we find this 'imputation' at work in making a human represent an animal: "G. Aïdan expose la thèse à l’origine de l’ouvrage : c’est parce que les systèmes juridiques lui attribuent une « intériorité », ensemble de phénomènes se rapportant au psychisme, que le non-humain devient un sujet de droits. Cette introduction s’appuie sur le « mécanisme de la représentation », selon lequel une entité non humaine, qui ne peut être destinataire de normes juridiques faute de capacités cognitives, se voit conférer des droits par le truchement D’UN HUMAIN QUI DEVIENT ALORS LE SUJET D’IMPUTATION. […]" https://www.cnr-bea.fr/2021/04/15/non-humain-interiorite-suj... -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 17 hrs (2023-01-10 14:01:26 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- While the text is not about philosophy or theology, as Phil rightly points out, it seems to me that we should not assume that the people likely to read this are nées de la dernière pluie and that if they are not familiar with the doctrine of imputation, they are at least familiar with the concept of statistical imputation which creates data to substitute for missing data, in the same way that the victims referred to above substitute for others. As one of the following quotes says, "Increasingly, SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCHERS are turning to MULTIPLE IMPUTATION to handle missing data". "Multiple Imputation. A technique used to overcome the problem of missing data, which increases statistical power for finding associations without artificially reducing the variation in the data. Multiple IMPUTATION does not simply insert a value for each missing data point or replace it with the mean of the other data points. Rather, it CREATES A SET OF IMPUTED VALUES FOR THE MISSING DATA in a way that ensures that the variance/covariance structure present within the collected data remains the same. Multiple imputation can be used to overcome the problem of missing data for some questions in some surveys, for example, if a certain question was asked in most but not all survey waves." http://mchp-appserv.cpe.umanitoba.ca/viewDefinition.php?defi... "IMPUTATION for sexual abuse" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Latif_Sharif "Data from a 10-year cohort study of a nationally representative sample of students aged 14-15 years in Victoria, Australia from 1992 to 2003 was used. CSA [CHILDHOOD SEXUAL ABUSE] prior to age 16 was assessed retrospectively at age 24 years using a 6-item validated questionnaire. USC was assessed prospectively via questionnaire at 3 time points during adolescence. Multiple IMPUTATION was used to handle missing data." https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20347147/ "The lasting consequences of CHILDHOOD SEXUAL ABUSE on human capital and economic well-being [...] Missing data and IMPUTATION Rates of missing data are generally low, and from the sample participating in Wave I and Wave IV home interviews, rates of missing data are less than 2% for all but two variables in the fully controlled baseline models. I address this issue using MULTIPLE IMPUTATION for analysis" https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hec.4557 "Potential intermediaries included: adult social factors, health behaviours, adiposity, mental health, cardiometabolic markers, and growth (height) at years 7 to 45 of age. Missing data were imputed VIA MULTIPLE IMPUTATION. Findings CHILD MALTREATMENT prevalence varied from 1•6% (n=149; sexual abuse) to 11% (n=1000; physiological abuse); 77% (n=6536) reported no maltreatment" https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736... "Missing data are nearly always a problem in research, and missing values represent a serious threat to the validity of inferences drawn from findings. Increasingly, SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCHERS are turning to MULTIPLE IMPUTATION to handle missing data. Multiple imputation, in which MISSING VALUES ARE REPLACED by values repeatedly drawn from conditional probability distributions, is an appropriate method for handling missing data when values are not missing completely at random." https://www.scie-socialcareonline.org.uk/?q=author_name:"ros... "CHILDHOOD SEXUAL ABUSE Characteristics, Intimate Partner Violence Exposure, and Psychological Distress Among Women in Methadone Treatment [...] In order to reduce potential bias related to missing data, the data analysis began with multiple IMPUTATION of missing data (Rubin, 1987; Schafer, 2000)." https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=121... "To account for item missingness (less than 10% for all ACE [ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES] variables), MULTIPLE IMPUTATION was performed using MPlus 7.19 Variables entered into the IMPUTATION model included child age, child race/ethnicity, caseworker-assessed harm, caseworker-assessed risk, current placement setting, and all 10 ACE variables. The imputation results increase confidence that results are not biased by missing data." https://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/documents/opre/a... |
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